McCarthyism encompassed far more than the theatrical journalism of Senator Joseph McCarthy or the spectacle of televised hearings. One lesser-known fact is that the coercive infrastructure long pre-dated McCarthy himself. The House Un-American Activities Committee had already existed since 1938, and the Smith Act of 1940 criminalised radical advocacy years before the senator rose to prominence. In 1947, President Truman institutionalised a federal loyalty-security program thr

“Eisenhower’s farewell address” refers to the final public speech of the 34th president of the United States, delivered on television broadcast on January 17, 1961. Perhaps best known for advocating for a nation guard against the influence of the military industrial complex, the speech expressed concerns about planning for the future of dangers regarding deficit spending and the domination of science-based public policy by what Eisenhower called a “scientific-technological el

Author: Aayam On September 11, 2001, the world witnessed one of the most shocking events in modern history. Two passenger planes, each...